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Dr. Nabil
Rezk, left, shows Nicki Lujano, 37, three teeth he pulled during
oral surgery in his Fresno office. The dentist says Lujano's
meth use played a part in her tooth decay.
Bee Photographer- Craig Kohlruss |
In the northern
corner of Fresno amid $200,000 homes in newly constructed subdivisions
with names such as "New Century" is a small dirt-and-gravel
road that leads down a short hill. The road takes visitors along
the edge of an orange grove and stops at a single-wide trailer.
Once the car engine stops, the only sound is the croaking of frogs
from a nearby pond. It's a clear day in May.
A brown-haired
woman steps out of the trailer, a tow-headed baby on her hip.
"Hi. I'm
Nicki," she says, smiling, and for a brief, fragile moment,
she looks happy.
Nicki Lujano
is a recovering meth addict. She is 37 years old and the mother
of four children by four different fathers. She hasn't worked in
more than six years. She hasn't paid her bills in close to nine.
Once inside,
sitting with her boyfriend, Dane DowDell, Lujano starts to explain
how she came to this place. She reels off her situation with efficiency,
as if she were reading a grocery list.
"You've
screwed your credit up. You've lost your kids. You've lost your
car. You don't have a place to live. You let someone give you a
screwed-up haircut. You're losing your teeth."
Screwing up
was the easy part. Now with more than a year of clean time, the
hard work is under way.
"This
is a slow process," Lujano says, "this undoing of what
you did."
 Nicki Lujano
has been in drug treatment since April 1998. Her patchwork of substance
abuse started when she was 15, with alcohol and marijuana. She has
kicked around from place to place -- Southern California, Oregon,
Virginia and back to Fresno. In each place, a new drug found her.
Lujano will tell you she used "responsibly" until 1991,
holding down a job and keeping up appearances. In 1993, she did
her first line of meth.
"I can't
remember the very first time," she says. "I had a friend
who kept trying to get me to use, but I said 'No. No. No. No. No.'
I guess I stopped."
Crank slid
easily into her life. First on the weekends. Then two days a week.
Then whenever she wanted to party, which was always. The next five
years were spent in a fog of meth and parties. But even before that,
all she really liked to do was get loaded.
Since her teen-age
experimentations, Lujano's only real clean time was in the late
1980s in Virginia. Two driving-under-the-influence convictions take
most of the credit for those three years of sobriety.
Her current
round of sobriety also is courtesy of the courts. But she says it's
different. This time she knows the score. She knows what she'll
lose.
"I know
now if I use I'll pay the consequences. Unfortunately, my kids will,
too."
Her children
-- Kristina, 1; Chelsey, 3; Aymee, 4; and Catelyn, 11 -- are her
goal. The only children who live with them regularly are Kristina,
DowDell and Lujano's daughter together, and Dalton, DowDell's 9-year-old
son with another woman.
Baby Kristina
crawls across the brown carpet of the small, dark living room. The
view keeps it from being a cave: Golden hills roll gently toward
the still pond; a treehouse stands ready for after-school occupants;
past the pond, though out of sight, is the San Joaquin River.
They get little
company.
"That's
why I like this place. If you don't know where it is, you'll never
find it," DowDell says. "People would never know from
the looks of this neighborhood to find this."
A friend, one
of their few clean and sober acquaintances, helped them find the
trailer in November. It used to be the home of the orchard groundskeeper.
When he left, it was creaking and leaking. The place came to them
as a cheap fixer-upper. Today, it's neat and friendly.
Lujano picks
up Kristina and kisses her gently on the head.
"I can't
remember any of my girls crawling," she says. "They were
just bringing themselves up."
 Nicki Brenda
Lujano was born May 9, 1963, at what was then called Valley Medical
Center, the same hospital her father worked in for 35 years. Her
parents -- dad a supplies manager, mom a bartender -- never were
married.
After earning
her high school diploma, Lujano had a string of jobs, including
stints as a cashier, paper laminator and data entry worker at a
dashboard instruments company. But when the meth started working
on her, she stopped working.
In 1998, she
entered the welfare-to-work program GAIN, Greater Avenues to Independence.
It offered to help her clean up her drug problem before she started
job training. She agreed. But she still used, on and off. She would
stop long enough to pass her drug test, then start again.
It caught up
to her in May 1999 when she was arrested and charged with felony
possession. She was placed into Drug Court, Fresno's program to
defer prison for first-time drug offenders.
Then in September,
two of her girls' fathers took her to family court. She took a hair
follicle test and failed. It came back chronic. The results shocked
her because she had stopped using a few months before -- but years
of drug use don't fade in a few months.
She lost Aymee
and Chelsey.
It was what
she needed to change.
"Everything
has been so drastic," she says. "But believe it or not,
it was a blessing."
Lujano attends
the King of Kings Women's Program twice a week -- Tuesdays and Thursdays.
The groups meet for an hour and a half each session. There she gets
drug and alcohol education and parenting classes and talks about
how she feels.
She'll graduate
this month. If all goes as planned, Lujano will go before a judge
with all her certificates, paperwork and recommendations to get
her two younger daughters back.
Until then,
she goes through the daily heartache of living without them.
 Amazing things
can happen in the most nondescript rooms. A rectangular table and
several plastic chairs dominate the space. They are framed by a
TV in one corner and an infant-rocking swing in the other. It is
a quiet Friday in June at the King of Kings Women's Program.
"How are
you feeling today?" Juanita Myers asks.
"Fine,"
Lujano replies.
They talk briefly
about Lujano's mouth. She recently has had three teeth filled and
three teeth pulled. (Doctors speculate that chronic meth users lose
their teeth because of poor hygiene or that something in meth weakens
their gums). Because Lujano is an addict, the only pain pills they
give her are Motrin. In all, the doctor wants to pull nine teeth.
The chitchat ends.
"Lately,
we've been talking about how you don't have that glow you had before
you started the program. Can you tell me what happened in between
the time you completed the program the first time and now?"
Myers asks.
"All of
it?" Lujano asks back, hoping for a no.
Lujano graduated
March 1 from the King of Kings Women's Program. The next day, she
came back in. DowDell had relapsed. He lost his job and had too
much free time.
"That
brought back old feelings," Lujano says. "He's been through
so many programs, and this is my first program."
"But we
are talking about your recovery," Myers counters. "He
still has things to lose, but you have none."
Lujano dutifully
lists the things she has to lose: "My kids. My home. My friends."
"But the
most important thing you can lose?"
"My sobriety."
"And what
happens when we give up on ourselves?"
"We get
caught up again."
"So everything
we worked for is nothing."
"That's
what sucks," Lujano says, dropping her head to the tabletop.
And so it goes.
Throughout, Myers holds a black pen at ready above a yellow legal
pad.
She writes
nothing down.
Myers has been
talking to women like Nicki for three years. She is the only counselor
at the program, which provides outpatient care for women who are
pregnant or have young children. Three people work in the compact
office in Fresno -- Myers, an assessment counselor and a day care
assistant. She sees 10 women per group, up to two groups a day.
Like so many
of her counterparts, Myers is herself a recovering addict. While
her drug was crack, her road back was just like everyone else's.
Myers has five years in recovery. She didn't use any formalized
treatment programs, instead relying on Alcoholics Anonymous meetings
and her family.
Each addict
who comes into treatment has her own reason. Sometimes it's thanks
to a judge. Sometimes it's the loss of children. Sometimes it's
because she just can't do it anymore.
But once inside,
the treatment is remarkably similar. Meth addicts don't have the
option of drug therapy like heroin users. If they come in on a high,
the first few days to weeks are spent in detoxification. Anti-depressants
or sleeping pills can be prescribed to combat the initial emptiness
of stopping. But most of the time is just spent sleeping.
Once the program
starts, a lot of time is spent in chairs. Most county-run treatment
programs are based on the 12-step philosophy and the idea of addicts
helping addicts. A counselor guides a group through the process.
Education on drugs, nutrition, parenting and sexually transmitted
diseases is part of the agenda. But it's really about sharing. It
helps just to know someone else hurts like you do.
In the conference
room, Lujano and Myers continue their exchange. Most of her talks
with Myers are done in group, but strangers are not welcome.
Everything
is complicated. Even getting a car to come to the session is a struggle.
Though DowDell has a car, she hates to ask for it. Instead, she
borrows a friend's beige Toyota hatchback. Duct tape is supporting
the driver-side door.
Lujano hopes
to start classes at Fresno City College in the fall. Her goal is
to finish a two-year program and become an X-ray technician. She
was going to start this summer.
The forms got
sent in, but she never got around to picking classes.
It has all
become frustrating. "I feel like I've got the short end of
the stick," she says.
"This
program teaches us to be selfish," Myers reminds her. "Sometimes
you have to put yourself first. You are forgetting about Nicki.
What Nicki wants to do. What Nicki has to do."
But living
with DowDell makes every problem a shared experience. They have
been together almost two years. They met each other high. They are
getting to know each other sober. Some things haven't changed.
"One thing
about being an addict is that you know how to manipulate,"
Myers explains.
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Nicki Lujano listens to her counselor, Juanita Myers, during
a one-on-one session at the King of Kings drug program in Fresno.
Bee Photographer- Craig Kohlruss |
"It's
all about him. You have to quit focusing on him and trying to make
everything perfect for him."
"The manipulation
carries on out of addiction?" Lujano asks.
"The character
defects don't go away because we aren't using."
 Crank consumed
Dane DowDell's life for 15 years. He has been in prison five times
-- the first for a 1993 petty theft conviction; the subsequent four
were for parole violations. Born in the Los Angeles area, he moved
to Fresno when he was 7; he's been using drugs since age 11. He
has been in and out of treatment programs; Fresno's Tower Recovery
program is his latest shot at sobriety.
He met Lujano
as her supplier. She would come over and buy drugs. He remembers
her as talkative. Things progressed from there. DowDell has been
out of prison for more than a year. Now 39, he says it's time to
give up his old life. He wants to -- for his kids, for Nicki. He
says he is trying.
But quitting
the drug doesn't clean up what it did. Lujano's criminal history
means the driving job she wanted is out of the question. Bounced
checks and unpaid bills have left her credit a mess. Her teeth are
falling out. Being sober hasn't proved to be that rewarding yet.
"I did
start thinking, 'What is the difference?' I could be getting high
and feel like this," Lujano confesses. "I mean, you go
through everything in recovery, and now you're toothless."
To combat the
cravings, addicts are taught tools -- critical thinking and everyday
coping skills that were lost in addiction. Without them, even small
problems turn into major dramas.
Myers and Lujano
brainstorm answers for Lujano's current funk. She has been feeling
trapped at home with the children. But she doesn't feel right asking
DowDell to watch them so she can have some free time. A baby-sitter
never crossed her mind.
Changing the
surroundings is key for users. It also is one of the hardest steps
to take. Lujano and DowDell have tried to stay away from old friends.
When they were in their whirl of meth, people -- friends -- were
constantly popping in and out. Now life is quieter. It's been a
welcome change, mostly.
"I'm kind
of bored a little bit now and again," Lujano admits.
The boredom
isn't just from the quiet. For meth addicts, finding new ways to
have fun is a challenge. Meth floods the brain with dopamine; dopamine
triggers pleasure. These tidal waves of fun can, over time, damage
brain cells. They also can deplete the brain's overall levels of
dopamine. The result is exactly the opposite of a user's intent:
less pleasure.
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Nicki Lujano rakes leaves while her daughters, Aymee, left,
and Chelsey, play in the yard of Lujano's north Fresno home.
Both girls were taken from her after she tested positive for
meth use. Now a year into sobriety, Nicki sees them during regular
visitations.
Bee Photographer- Craig Kohlruss |
The normal
things most people enjoy just aren't fun to recovering meth addicts.
In essence, they must go through pleasure rehabilitation. The first
step is to understand how crank affects their bodies. Once addicts
understand the mechanics of their addiction, it's easier to understand
why they feel the way they do. This also makes it easier to deal
with its fallout. For instance, knowing that the average meth craving
lasts only 60 to 90 seconds helps them get through the attack.
But understanding
is one thing. Changing is another.
"This
process, it's like being born again," Myers tells Lujano.
"What
do you mean?"
"I'm not
saying turn your life upside down, but try something different,"
Myers suggests.
"Say there
is a play. Maybe you go and find out, 'Hey, I like plays.' "
Lujano listens
closely, her chin resting in her right hand.
"Do things
that are out of character for you. Do something different,"
Myers says, and then pauses. "You know where we end up if we
don't," she says looking at Lujano with a grin. "Hungry,
homeless, dirty and tired."
They both laugh.
Lujano leans back and then places both hands on the table with a
soft thud.
"Well,
I've got all my issues taken care of," she says, smiling.
For the moment.
 It's a week
into July, and the timing seems right to sell off odds and ends.
But it is harder to get rid of the past than it seems. A Saturday
and Sunday slip by. Perhaps next week.
In the meantime,
Lujano is trying "something different." She sees plants
popping up all over their property, chrysanthemums and wild flowers.
She starts thinking. Gardening is definitely something she has not
done before. It turns out fussing over the yard and having dirt
under your fingernails can help pass the time.
A neat row
of stones lines a newly planted garden surrounding the trailer's
front steps. Lujano also plants three trees -- a plum, a hibiscus
and one with large green leaves (she doesn't know its name). The
tallest stands more than 5 feet; the smallest comes barely to the
waist. Much care is taken planting, transplanting, fertilizing and
watering.
Despite her
best efforts, the leaves on all three arewilting softly. Nicki Lujano
watches over them quietly.
"I hope
they make it."
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